Debugging on Linux with GDB 12 doesn't work at all

When trying to start debugging, the program never starts, the progressbar for "Launching debugger" shows a red bar, and these appear in the stdout:

Invalid run control state transition from "RunControlState::Starting" to "RunControlState::Stopped"
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.720]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "(gdb) "
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.721]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "~\"Warning: 'set target-async', an alias for the command 'set mi-async', is deprecated.\\n\""
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.721]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "~\"Use 'set mi-async'.\\n\\n\""
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.721]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "14^done"
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.721]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "COOKIE FOR TOKEN 14 ALREADY EATEN (DebuggerFinished). TWO RESPONSES FOR ONE COMMAND?"
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.721]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "(gdb) "
SOFT ASSERT [01:33:47.721]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "QUIT DEBUGGER REQUESTED IN STATE 16"
SOFT ASSERT [01:34:07.521]: "d->m_logWindow" in /home/qt/work/build/qt-creator/src/plugins/debugger/debuggerengine.cpp:1741
MSG:  "\nNON-CRITICAL TIMEOUT\nCOMMANDS STILL IN PROGRESS: "

I have disabled debuginfod by adding
set debuginfod enabled off
into my .gdbinit, hoping that that would resolve creator's confusion, but no.